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A
capital Territory (country subdivision) or
capital district is normally a specially designated
administrative division where a
country's seat of
government is located. As such, in the
Federation model of government, no one
state or territory takes pre-eminence because the national capital lies within its borders. A capital territory can be a specific form of
federal district.
A distinction should be made from administrative divisions which include national capitals, but have no special designated status legally (for example,
Île-de-France (region) has no distinct quality from other regions of
France). Some federal countries (like
Belgium), give their national capitals the status as full, equal federal units.
Some federal countries have made no distinction administratively for the territory around the capital. A few federal countries have their national capitals located in the capital city of a federal state: Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of two federal units; and Berne, the capital of
Switzerland, is the capital of the Canton of Berne. Two national capitals are neither federal units, special capital districts, nor capitals of federal units: Ottawa, the capital of
Canada, and
Palikir, the capital of the
Federated States of Micronesia.
The following have a special administrative district or territory for their national
capital cities:
Argentina
The
Ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires is coterminous with the Argentine Federal District. In
1996, under the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, the city gained autonomous status, and held its first mayoral elections. Buenos Aires is represented in the
Argentine Senate by three senators and in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies by 25 national deputies.
Australia
The Australian federation contains two self-governing territories, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the
Northern Territory. The ACT was created as the Federal Capital Territory in
1911 specifically to house the federal capital,
Canberra. The goal was to avoid situating the new nation's capital in either New South Wales or Victoria, the two most populous states at the time of federation.
Although the ACT has Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory and
Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, the Parliament of Australia retains the right to over-rule ACT legislation. The ACT Parliament acts as a municipal government for the city of Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia exercises certain rights that in the states would be exercised by a state Governor, such as the power to issue writs for elections.
At a federal level, the ACT elects two members of the Australian House of Representatives and two
Australian Senate. Both Senators are elected at every election for the Senate, unlike the States, which elect half of their senators at every normal Senate election.
Brazil
Brasília, the capital of Brazil, is set within the Brazilian Federal District or
Distrito Federal. The state includes several other cities. Brasília is a planned city, with no pre-existing status prior to its establishment.
The Federal District is an anomalous unit of the federation, as it is not organized the same manner as a municipality, does not possess the same autonomy as a state (but is ranked among them) and is closely related to the central power.
The District Governor is elected directly for a 4-year term. Local laws are issued by a legislative assembly also elected by the local population. Judiciary affairs are carried out by the Union, instead of being appointed by the governor as in the other states of Brazil. The district has the status of a federal state in many aspects. It has representatives both in the Lower House of Congress (Chamber of Deputies of Brazil) and in the national
Senate of Brazil.
The Brazilian federal government was transferred to the Distrito Federal in April 21
1960, which was then split off from the state of
Goiás. Before the transfer, the Brazilian capital was the municipality of
Rio de Janeiro. After the transfer, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro became the
Guanabara State (State of Guanabara), which existed from
1960 until
1975 when the State of Guanabara was merged into the State of Rio de Janeiro (state).
Colombia
In Colombia the Bogotá, Capital District, containing the city of
Bogotá was created as a Special District in 1955 by
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. It was renamed "Capital District" in the
Colombian Constitution of 1991. The district is subdivided into 20 localities.
Dominican Republic
In Dominican Republic the Distrito Nacional, containing the city of
Santo Domingo was created as a Special District in 1922. In 1844 it was the
Santo Domingo Province and then the constitution of the
Dominican Republic decided that the country needed the capital to be in a special district.
India
The
National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is a special
Union Territory of India. The territory encompasses three statutory towns: New Delhi (the capital of India),
Delhi and
Delhi Cantonment, along with 59 census towns and 165 villages.
The NCT was set up as a federally administered Union Territory on
November 11, 1956. In December
1991, the NCT was given a Vidhan Sabha headed by a Chief Minister, a privilege that it shares only with one other union territory. The territory is not classified as a
true Union territory, though the Government of India does have limited control over the functioning of the territory much like other Union territories. Delhi is to eventually become a full fledged state.
The NCT is unique in India in that the municipal control is handled by a locally elected government, while major areas like police, and administration are handled by the
Government of India.
Indonesia
In
Indonesia, the national capital Jakarta is within the
Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Jakarta Special Capital District.
Iraq
Baghdad, the capital of
Iraq, is contained within aSpecial Capital District.
Malaysia
In
Malaysia, the
national capital of
Kuala Lumpur lies within the Federal Territory (since 1974) while The
Federal Government Administrative Centre of Putrajaya, 40km to the south of KL lies within the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (since 2001). Both federal territories are enclaves within the State of Selangor.
Mali
Bamako, the capital of Mali, is contained within the Bamako Capital District.
Mexico
Mexican Federal District or
Distrito Federal since 1824 is coterminous with
Mexico City. The D.F. is a federal district serving as the
capital of Mexico and which is administered by the Mexican Federal Government. The D.F. encompasses the historical center of Mexico City, but is much larger than the historical municipality of Mexico City abolished in 1928. The urbanized area of Mexico City covers only the north of the D.F., while the south of the D.F. is made up of rural areas and mountains. Although the D.F. is not a municipality, the name "Ciudad de México" is used by Mexican authorities as a synonym for the Distrito Federal (Federal District). Mexico City as a municipality was abolished in 1928, and the name "Mexico City" can now refer to two things.
According to the Constitution of Mexico, Mexico City is the Federal District,
(Mexican Federal District). This is actually a fairly recent reform (dating from 1993) of Article 44 of the Constitution, and it was aimed at ending two centuries of quite sterile discussions (and occasional problems on jurisdiction) about whether one concept engulfed the other or even if one of the two entities really had any legal existence in lieu of the other. The complete text of the aforementioned reform also states that Mexico City is the seat of the Powers of the Union (Executive, Legislative and Judicial) and capital of the United Mexican States.
Nigeria
Nigeria's capital
Abuja is located in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The Territory was established in
1976, and the capital was formally moved from Lagos (the historic capital) in
1991.
Niger
Niger capital, Niamey, comprises a capital district of Niger. It is surrounded by the Departments of Niger of
Tillabéri.
North Korea
North Korea's capital city, Pyongyang, while traditionally located within South Pyongan, is currently seen as a "directly governed city" (
Chikalshi 직할시). For a time, P'yŏng-yang was considered a "special city" (
T'ŭkpyŏlshi 특별시), to make it equivalent to its
South Korean counterpart, Seoul.
Pakistan
The capital of Pakistan,
Islamabad, is a planned city within the Islamabad Capital Territory, which was created in 1960 out of the
Punjab (Pakistan) Province. The Territory elects representatives to both houses of the legislature.
Before Islamabad was made the capital,
Karachi was located in the Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan), which later reverted to the Sindh Province.
Papua New Guinea
Port Moresby, the capital of
Papua New Guinea has been contained with in the
National Capital District, Papua New Guinea since the country achieved independence in 1975.
South Korea
South Korea's capital city, Seoul, while traditionally located within Gyeonggi-do, is currently seen as a "special city" (
Teukbyeolsi/
T'ŭkpyŏlshi 특별시). Seoul's current mayor is seen as the equivalent of any provincial governor.
United States
The
seat of government of the United States federal government in Washington D.C. is a federal district known as the District of Columbia. When created in 1790, the district included the City of Washington and the towns of
Georgetown, Washington, D.C. and
Alexandria, VA, along with some unincorporated land. The area developed, and in 1878, the
Congress of the United States passed the
Organic Act that made the boundaries of the city of Washington coterminous with those of the District of Columbia.
The District of Columbia and the City of Washington are run by an elected
mayor and city council. However, the U.S. Congress has the ultimate plenary power over the district. It has the right to review and overrule laws created locally and has often done so.
District residents pay federal Taxation in the United States and are represented by a single non-voting member of Congress.
Venezuela
Venezuelan Capital District / Metropolitan District of Caracas since
2000.
See also
A
capital Territory (country subdivision) or
capital district is normally a specially designated
administrative division where a country's seat of government is located. As such, in the
Federation model of government, no one
state or territory takes pre-eminence because the national capital lies within its
borders. A capital territory can be a specific form of
federal district.
A distinction should be made from administrative divisions which include national capitals, but have no special designated status legally (for example, Île-de-France (region) has no distinct quality from other regions of France). Some federal countries (like
Belgium), give their national capitals the status as full, equal federal units.
Some federal countries have made no distinction administratively for the territory around the capital. A few federal countries have their national capitals located in the capital city of a federal state: Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is also the capital of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of two federal units; and
Berne, the capital of
Switzerland, is the capital of the Canton of Berne. Two national capitals are neither federal units, special capital districts, nor capitals of federal units: Ottawa, the capital of
Canada, and
Palikir, the capital of the
Federated States of Micronesia.
The following have a special administrative district or territory for their national capital cities:
Argentina
The
Ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires is coterminous with the Argentine Federal District. In 1996, under the
1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, the city gained autonomous status, and held its first mayoral elections. Buenos Aires is represented in the Argentine Senate by three senators and in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies by 25 national deputies.
Australia
The Australian federation contains two self-governing territories, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory. The ACT was created as the Federal Capital Territory in
1911 specifically to house the federal capital, Canberra. The goal was to avoid situating the new nation's capital in either New South Wales or Victoria, the two most populous states at the time of federation.
Although the ACT has Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory and
Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, the Parliament of Australia retains the right to over-rule ACT legislation. The ACT Parliament acts as a municipal government for the city of Canberra. The
Governor-General of Australia exercises certain rights that in the states would be exercised by a state Governor, such as the power to issue writs for elections.
At a federal level, the ACT elects two members of the
Australian House of Representatives and two
Australian Senate. Both Senators are elected at every election for the Senate, unlike the States, which elect half of their senators at every normal Senate election.
Brazil
Brasília, the capital of Brazil, is set within the Brazilian Federal District or
Distrito Federal. The state includes several other cities. Brasília is a
planned city, with no pre-existing status prior to its establishment.
The Federal District is an anomalous unit of the federation, as it is not organized the same manner as a municipality, does not possess the same autonomy as a state (but is ranked among them) and is closely related to the central power.
The District Governor is elected directly for a 4-year term. Local laws are issued by a legislative assembly also elected by the local population. Judiciary affairs are carried out by the Union, instead of being appointed by the governor as in the other
states of Brazil. The district has the status of a federal state in many aspects. It has representatives both in the Lower House of Congress (Chamber of Deputies of Brazil) and in the national
Senate of Brazil.
The Brazilian federal government was transferred to the Distrito Federal in
April 21 1960, which was then split off from the state of
Goiás. Before the transfer, the Brazilian capital was the municipality of
Rio de Janeiro. After the transfer, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro became the
Guanabara State (State of Guanabara), which existed from
1960 until
1975 when the State of Guanabara was merged into the State of
Rio de Janeiro (state).
Colombia
In Colombia the
Bogotá, Capital District, containing the city of Bogotá was created as a Special District in
1955 by
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. It was renamed "Capital District" in the
Colombian Constitution of 1991. The district is subdivided into 20 localities.
Dominican Republic
In Dominican Republic the Distrito Nacional, containing the city of Santo Domingo was created as a Special District in
1922. In 1844 it was the Santo Domingo Province and then the constitution of the Dominican Republic decided that the country needed the capital to be in a special district.
India
The
National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is a special
Union Territory of
India. The territory encompasses three statutory towns:
New Delhi (the capital of India), Delhi and
Delhi Cantonment, along with 59 census towns and 165 villages.
The NCT was set up as a federally administered Union Territory on November 11,
1956. In December
1991, the NCT was given a Vidhan Sabha headed by a Chief Minister, a privilege that it shares only with one other union territory. The territory is not classified as a
true Union territory, though the Government of India does have limited control over the functioning of the territory much like other Union territories. Delhi is to eventually become a full fledged state.
The NCT is unique in India in that the municipal control is handled by a locally elected government, while major areas like police, and administration are handled by the Government of India.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, the national capital Jakarta is within the
Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Jakarta Special Capital District.
Iraq
Baghdad, the capital of
Iraq, is contained within aSpecial Capital District.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the
national capital of
Kuala Lumpur lies within the
Federal Territory (since 1974) while The
Federal Government Administrative Centre of
Putrajaya, 40km to the south of KL lies within the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (since 2001). Both federal territories are enclaves within the State of
Selangor.
Mali
Bamako, the capital of Mali, is contained within the Bamako Capital District.
Mexico
Mexican Federal District or
Distrito Federal since 1824 is coterminous with
Mexico City. The D.F. is a federal district serving as the
capital of Mexico and which is administered by the Mexican Federal Government. The D.F. encompasses the historical center of Mexico City, but is much larger than the historical municipality of Mexico City abolished in 1928. The urbanized area of Mexico City covers only the north of the D.F., while the south of the D.F. is made up of rural areas and mountains. Although the D.F. is not a municipality, the name "Ciudad de México" is used by Mexican authorities as a
synonym for the Distrito Federal (Federal District). Mexico City as a municipality was abolished in
1928, and the name "Mexico City" can now refer to two things.
According to the
Constitution of Mexico, Mexico City is the
Federal District,
(Mexican Federal District). This is actually a fairly recent reform (dating from 1993) of Article 44 of the Constitution, and it was aimed at ending two centuries of quite sterile discussions (and occasional problems on
jurisdiction) about whether one concept engulfed the other or even if one of the two entities really had any legal existence in lieu of the other. The complete text of the aforementioned reform also states that Mexico City is the seat of the Powers of the Union (Executive, Legislative and Judicial) and capital of the United Mexican States.
Nigeria
Nigeria's capital
Abuja is located in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The Territory was established in
1976, and the capital was formally moved from Lagos (the historic capital) in 1991.
Niger
Niger capital,
Niamey, comprises a capital district of Niger. It is surrounded by the Departments of Niger of
Tillabéri.
North Korea
North Korea's capital city,
Pyongyang, while traditionally located within
South Pyongan, is currently seen as a "directly governed city" (
Chikalshi 직할시). For a time, P'yŏng-yang was considered a "special city" (
T'ŭkpyŏlshi 특별시), to make it equivalent to its
South Korean counterpart,
Seoul.
Pakistan
The capital of Pakistan,
Islamabad, is a planned city within the
Islamabad Capital Territory, which was created in
1960 out of the
Punjab (Pakistan) Province. The Territory elects representatives to both houses of the legislature.
Before Islamabad was made the capital, Karachi was located in the
Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan), which later reverted to the Sindh Province.
Papua New Guinea
Port Moresby, the capital of
Papua New Guinea has been contained with in the
National Capital District, Papua New Guinea since the country achieved independence in
1975.
South Korea
South Korea's capital city, Seoul, while traditionally located within Gyeonggi-do, is currently seen as a "special city" (
Teukbyeolsi/
T'ŭkpyŏlshi 특별시). Seoul's current
mayor is seen as the equivalent of any provincial governor.
United States
The
seat of government of the United States federal government in Washington D.C. is a federal district known as the
District of Columbia. When created in
1790, the district included the City of Washington and the towns of Georgetown, Washington, D.C. and Alexandria, VA, along with some unincorporated land. The area developed, and in 1878, the
Congress of the United States passed the Organic Act that made the boundaries of the city of Washington coterminous with those of the District of Columbia.
The District of Columbia and the City of Washington are run by an elected
mayor and city council. However, the U.S. Congress has the ultimate plenary power over the district. It has the right to review and overrule laws created locally and has often done so.
District residents pay federal Taxation in the United States and are represented by a single non-voting member of Congress.
Venezuela
Venezuelan Capital District /
Metropolitan District of Caracas since
2000.
See also
Capital districts and territories - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A capital territory or capital district is normally a specially designated administrative division where a country 's seat of government is located.
Capital districts and territories definition of Capital districts and ...
Federal Capital Territory: see Australian Capital Territory Australian Capital Territory (1991 pop. 276,468), 939 sq mi (2,432 sq km), SE Australia, an enclave within New South ...
Category:Capital districts and territories - Wikipedia, the free ...
Subcategories. This category has only the following subcategory. F [+]
Reference for Capital districts and territories - Search.com
Capital districts and territories ... Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Are you an expert in this subject?
Australian Capital Territories and Districts Stoma Assoc Inc
Includes membership and appliance information, and emergency information.
Capital Efficient Profitable Growth - What does CEPG stand for ...
Acronym Definition; CEPG: Capital Efficient Profitable Growth: CEPG: Consolidated ... Capital districts and territories Capital districts and territories capital dividend
capital expenditure legal definition of capital expenditure. capital ...
capital expenditure n. payment by a business for basic assets such as ... Capital districts and territories capital dividend Capital Dividend Account (taxation)
Capital District Psychiatric Center (Albany, New York) - What does ...
Acronym Definition; CDPC: Comité Européen pour Les Problèmes Criminels ... Capital districts and territories Capital districts and territories capital dividend
Capital Dividend Account - CDA financial definition of Capital ...
Capital Dividend Account - CDA. A unique account where untaxed gains are ... Capital districts and territories Capital districts and territories capital dividend
capital employed - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about capital ...
In business, the total assets of a company (excluding intangibles, such ... Capital districts and territories: Capital districts and territories capital dividend
